The US House has approved a bill on new sanctions against Russia, Iran and North Korea

The US House of Representatives voted Tuesday to impose new sanctions on Russia, Iran and North Korea. The measure now heads to the Senate, where there is support for sanctions but there is debate about whether to include penalties on North Korea.

The bill, which passed 419 to three, is a sanctions package that "tightens the screws on our most dangerous adversaries in order to keep Americans safe," House Speaker Paul Ryan said after the vote.

Russia on Wednesday raised the prospect of retaliation and Iran's top nuclear negotiator said that new sanctions were "a hostile measure" that breached Washington's commitments under a 2015 nuclear deal.

"The ongoing action in the US Congress … is very clearly a hostile measure against the Islamic Republic of Iran," Deputy Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said, according to the ISNA news agency.

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The European Union on Wednesday said it held deep reservations the new sanctions on Russia that may affect energy flows to Europe.

European commissioners, the EU executive's top officials, "expressed their concerns notably because of the draft bill's possible impact on EU energy independence," the bloc said in a statement following talks in Brussels on the matter.

The commission added that it remained "ready to act to protect European interests" if the concerns were not addressed by US lawmakers, repeating a threat made in May by European Commission head Jean-Claude Juncker.

The legislation is aimed at punishing the Kremlin for allegedly meddling in the 2016 US presidential election, and Russia's annexation of Crimea.

In an apparent concession, the House modified a provision so the bill only targets pipelines originating in Russia, sparing those that merely pass through, such as the Caspian pipeline that carries oil from Kazakhstan to Europe.

Brussels further decried the sanctions bill as a unilateral action by Washington that disrupted previous close cooperation on measures against Russia.

To date, sanctions against Moscow have been coordinated on both sides of the Atlantic to maintain a united front.

The EU and US imposed the sanctions in the wake of Russia's annexation of Crimea in March 2014 as the Ukraine crisis deepened with the ouster of a pro-Moscow government.

In addition to the Crimea measures, the EU imposed damaging economic sanctions against Russia after the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 in July 2014, blamed by the EU on the rebels.