Maddalena Marinari

Maddalena Marinari is assistant professor of history at Gustavus Adolphus College in Minnesota.

Maddalena Marinari is assistant professor of history at Gustavus Adolphus College in Minnesota. She teaches a broad range of courses on 20th century US history and writes about immigration, immigration restriction and policy history.

A black and white photo of people going through immigration queues

Cuccinelli’s ‘bootstraps’ line reflects historical amnesia of ‘public charge’

The "likely to become a public charge" clause originally targeted southern and eastern European immigrants. It has since become a tool to exclude "undesirable" immigrants du jour.

Cuccinelli’s ‘bootstraps’ line reflects historical amnesia of ‘public charge’
Street scene, colorized old photo, vendors, people in top hats, carriages

Another time in history that the US created travel bans — against Italians

Another time in history that the US created travel bans — against Italians